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Influence of clinical nutrition in elderly patients
Jančarová, Kateřina ; Matejovičová,, Milena (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This master’s thesis deal with the influence of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on cognitive functions and on the blood marker of clients in the retirement home. The main target of this thesis is demonstrate the improvement of cognitive functions and lipid and glycemic profile after supplementation with the dietary supplement. Suplementation was serve to the clients for the period of 3 months 3 times a day in the amount of 5 ml per dose. In the teoretical part of the thesis was explained the process of aging and the problematics of omega-3 fatty acids. The practical part evaluates the three-month supplementation with a dietary supplement and its mainly focus to cognitive tests MMSE and blood test results. The thesis is deal with effect of the product on the blood marker, mainly the lipid profile and glycemic profile were determined. Laboratory analysis was used to determine lipid numbers. Fatty acids analysis was performed by gas chromatography and vitamins analysis was performed by liquid chromatography. Based on recent findings, it was assumed that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can improve the cognitive functions in older adults as well as their lipid and glycemic profile. The improvements have been confirmed in cognitive functions but not in lipid profile. This facts may have been influenced by several factors, such as inappropriate composition of the menu, the consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fatty acids outside the menu, the administration of medication or overall short supplementation time period.
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Roles of Nutritional Factors against COVID-19
Yun, Yina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
2. ABSTRACT The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, also known as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, it was determined that there was a pandemic all over the world. As the world struggles with COVID-19 and an inability of clinically relevant medicines, attention has shifted to modalities that may aid in immune system bolstering. Pharmaceutical companies are working to develop targeted treatments and vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 virus. This is due to the COVID-19 virus's significant impact on the immune system, which manifests itself in a variety of inflammatory reactions. A diet that provides a healthy balance of calories, nutrients, and other macronutrients could significantly aid in the prevention and management of chronic infectious illnesses. A healthy diet rich in vitamins A, C, D, and E, and certain micronutrients and zinc, selenium, copper, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids, may help with a variety of infectious disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate and report on the latest discoveries regarding the use of vitamins and minerals in the treatment of COVID-19. A review of past research is conducted to identify the conclusions reached by other experts considering the beneficial effects...
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Nutritional factors in etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Park, Hyojung ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
2. ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. AD is responsible for the vast majority of dementia cases, and the increasing prevalence of the disease worldwide is a major public health concern. This paper provides evidence from epidemiological studies is mounting that diet and nutrition are among the many potential risk factors being investigated in relation to the development of AD. These factors are closely related to our way of life, what we eat, and the pathophysiology that can modify and prevent in our day-to-day activities. Since there currently exists no effective and proven treatment or preventative measure for AD, increasing focus is being placed on disease prevention in general and the healthy diet in particular. To reduce the probability of developing AD, preventive intervention should be started as early as possible. Due to the neurodegenerative characteristics of this condition, adequate diet must be taken into account as it has both protective and preventative benefits. These include caffeine, isoflavone phytoestrogen, polyphenols, vitamin B, vitamin D, antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E, beta-carotene), minerals (avoid copper, iron, and aluminium), unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin B, and vitamin D. There is evidence that the DASH, Mediterranean,...
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Influence of clinical nutrition in elderly patients
Jančarová, Kateřina ; Matejovičová,, Milena (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This master’s thesis deal with the influence of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on cognitive functions and on the blood marker of clients in the retirement home. The main target of this thesis is demonstrate the improvement of cognitive functions and lipid and glycemic profile after supplementation with the dietary supplement. Suplementation was serve to the clients for the period of 3 months 3 times a day in the amount of 5 ml per dose. In the teoretical part of the thesis was explained the process of aging and the problematics of omega-3 fatty acids. The practical part evaluates the three-month supplementation with a dietary supplement and its mainly focus to cognitive tests MMSE and blood test results. The thesis is deal with effect of the product on the blood marker, mainly the lipid profile and glycemic profile were determined. Laboratory analysis was used to determine lipid numbers. Fatty acids analysis was performed by gas chromatography and vitamins analysis was performed by liquid chromatography. Based on recent findings, it was assumed that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can improve the cognitive functions in older adults as well as their lipid and glycemic profile. The improvements have been confirmed in cognitive functions but not in lipid profile. This facts may have been influenced by several factors, such as inappropriate composition of the menu, the consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fatty acids outside the menu, the administration of medication or overall short supplementation time period.
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Quality of life in renal transplant recipients and the possibilities of its affecting through different forms of intervention
Králová, Helena ; Mahrová, Andrea (advisor) ; Vaňous, František (referee)
Title: Quality of life in renal transplant recipients and the possibilities of its affecting through different forms of intervention. Aims: 1) To evaluate quality of life in renal transplant recipients and compare it with that of the general population. 2) To analyze effects of a 6 months controlled intervention exercise program, special diet, combination of special diet and exercise program and control group on the health related quality of life and to compare results between groups. Methods: We studied a composite group of 21 patients (mean age 58,4 9,34 years) after renal transplantation. Patients were randomly divided into four groups, each group had different program, as described above. The assessment of the quality of life was performed twice, before and after six months of a regular intervention program. We used standardized questionnaires KDQOL-SFTM . We have also assessed the importance of individual dimensions of quality of life with questionnaire WHOQOL - 100. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. Statistically significance was considered on p ≤ 0,05. Results: After the pre-test and evaluation of the quality of life we assessed, that from 8 dimensions there were 5 lower after the...
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The effect of physical activity and nutrition interventions on physical fitness and quality of life during the first year after kidney transplantation
Švagrová, Klára ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Brandejský, Petr (referee) ; Adámková, Věra (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA TĚLESNÉ VÝCHOVY A SPORTU The effect of physical activity and nutrition interventions on physical fitness and quality of life during the first year after kidney transplantation Abstract of disertation Zpracovala: Mgr. Klára Švagrová Školitel: Prof. Ing. Václav Bunc, CSc. Školící pracoviště: Laboratoř sportovní motoriky Praha, 2012 ABSTRACT Kidney transplantation is the best known treatment of chronic kidney failure. However, it is often accompanied by a number of health complications. The transplantation itself positively affects both physical fitness and quality of life during the first year after the transplant surgery which are seriously diminished when compared to the healthy population. This improvement can be even enhanced by appropriate physical activity and nutrition interventions otherwise both the physical fitness and quality of life would start declining after the first post-transplant year again. The aim of this study was to confirm a positive effect of a long-term physical activity and nutrition interventions on health-related physical fitness and health-related quality of life in a representative sample of individuals in the first year after the kidney transplantation. At the same time it was fundamental to verify that the experimental trial can be...
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The importance of the nutritional score in patients with the introduced PICC or Midline catheter
Pavelková, Kateřina ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Bratová, Andrea (referee)
The bachelor's thesis: "The Significance of Nutrition Score in the patients with the insertion of PICC and Midline Catheter," evaluates the impact of the nutrition status on the presence of complication in the selected venous devices - various types of Midline catheter and PICC. The presentation is divided into theoretical and empirical parts. In the theoretical part some basic information related to nutritional status and its assessment, malnutrition, nutrition screening, PICC and Midline catheter - indications and contraindications, introduction, complications and management is presented. The role of PICC team in the field of vascular access is mentionned. Data for the empirical part was collected at Medical department of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and Faculty hospital Motol in Prague, Czech Republic. The empirical part contains research methodology, the basic characteristics, the organisation of the investigation and data processing. A total of 206 patients participated in the follow-up, ranging in age from 26 to 98 years, mean age 72 ± 13.2 years and median 74 years. A quantitative exploratory method of a questionnaire survey was chosen for the bachelor's thesis. The above mentionned method monitors all variables that are sorted and measurable. Data related to the...
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Problematics of mountaineers' nutrition
Honzejková, Kateřina ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
Nutrition of both professional and occasional climbers in high altitude is often discussed topic in sports nutrition. Specially with latest studies showing connection between poor nutrition and high altitude sickness development. Dehydration in particular has a huge effect on the body at these altitudes and can be responsible for many of the symptoms previously attributed to hypoxia. The research was focused on the theoretical part, in which basic issue of nutrition and hydration are shown, as well as the acute issues that climbers may have experience on their journey to high altitude. The practical part was evaluated by a quantitative approach with the help of a questionnaire survey and its evaluation. The questionnaire was anonymous, nonstandardized with open and closed questions. A total of 68 respondents participated in the research. The results of the investigation are evaluated and discussed in the final parts of the thesis. The main objective of the thesis was focused on the dietary habits of respondents during their stay in high altitude, their awareness of the risks resulting from poor nutrition and dehydration and assess how much care respondents take about nutrition and hydration during their travels. Four hypotheses were set for the thesis. Key words: Nutrition; hydratation; acute...
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Effect of changes in physical activity and nutrition on body composition in people with spinal chord injury
Jarošová, Eliška ; Vařeková, Jitka (advisor) ; Prokešová, Eva (referee)
Title: Modification of body composition in spinal cord injury subjects undergoing six months intervention. Objectives: To determine the impact of six months intervention covering nutritional adjustments and excercise program on body composition in spinal cord injury subjects. Methods: Twenty-seven spinal cord injury subjects with the lesion level T4 - T12 (10 females, 17 males) mean age 41.9 ± 10.3 years and initial BMI 27.02 ± 5.0 kg/m participated in the present study. Body composition was measured using the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device Bodystat QuadScan 4000. Statistical analysis was carried out in the statistical program IBM SPSS statistics 22. Intervention lasting six moths constisted of 2 weeks intensive program, followed by 5 months home based program and 2 weeks of intensive program. The inicial assessment was made before the intervention and follow-up right after. Results: Although a body mass decreased (p ˂0,001), body fat percentage and FM increased (p = 0.193). Furthermore, muscle mass (MM) (p = 0.002), total body water (TBW) (p = 0.002), intracellular fluid (ICW) (p = 0.016), and extracellular fluid (ECW) (p = 0.001) decreased. Decreasof ECW / TBW (p ˂0,001) suggests reduction of edema. Conclusion: Even though generally a change of eating habits and exercise...
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